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The increasing reliance of our information age economies and governments on cyber (computer-based) infrastructure makes them progressively more vulnerable to cyber attacks on our computer systems, networks and data. In their most disruptive form, cyber attacks target the enterprise, government, military, or other infrastructural assets of a nation or its citizens. Both the volume and sophistication of cyber threats (cyber warfare, cyber terrorism, cyber espionage and malicious hacking) are monotonically increasing, and pose potent threats to our enterprise, government, military, or other infrastructural assets. Knowing that to be forewarned is to be forearmed, we are well advised to effect strong Cybersecurity defenses that will thwart rapidly evolving cyber threats. Recent newsworthy cyber attacks on critical cyber infrastructure (e.g., Target data breach, Mt. Gox bitcoin hacker attacks, NSA data leaks and subsequent PRISM revelations) demonstrate the urgent need for improved cybersecurity. As cyber threats grow, so must our abilities to neutralize them. Towards that end the U.S. government issued an Executive Order for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity in February 2013, and the 2014 President's Budget devotes over $13B to cyber-related programs and activities [Federal Information Technology FY 2014 Budget Priorities, p. 15]. The European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) lists all known public documents of National Cyber Security Strategies in the EU as well as the rest of the world.

The best way to learn cyber security, as well as other technologies, is to combine the best of theory (principles and) with hands-on best practices. You can check instructor-led as well as readily access streaming cyber security courses available on the website.

Cyber security training teaches the monitoring, assessments, remediation, and practices to combat cyber threats. Cyber security training is necessary to ensure that employees are aware of the risks and consequences of not taking proper safety measures.

Our program combines technical and human components with comprehensive training in the following areas: – Identification and detection of malware and ransomware – Common social engineering tactics – Workplace information security and prevention of internal and external breaches – Email security procedures and hard-to-crack password guidelines – Phishing and Spear Phishing detection awareness and education – Social Media threats – Disaster recovery/business stabilization and continuity

Cyber security technologies and processes are most effective when organizations diligently practice good cyber hygiene habits while concurrently checking their cyber defence vulnerabilities defences via aggressive white hat" (a.k.a. "ethical hacking") Penetration Testing ("pen testing").

• A penetration test is an interactive security test undertaken to identify exploitable security vulnerabilities.


• A penetration test is different from a vulnerability scan. A vulnerability scan is automated and is entirely software. A penetration test is conducted by trained, qualified professionals, and uses human interaction and human ingenuity to discover flaws that automated tools often miss.


• Penetration testing is conducted from two primary viewpoints: external and internal. An external viewpoint is in the public IP address space. A test of the server hosting this page, from where you are, would be from an external viewpoint. An internal viewpoint requires testing from inside an organization's private network.


• There are many types of penetration tests, including network penetration tests and host configuration tests, web application penetration tests, wireless network penetration tests, client-server application penetration tests, mobile device penetration tests, and social engineering, to name a few.


• Penetration testing is performed by certified information security professionals.

• Prior to contracting for breach insurance
• Notice viruses, malware, spyware on workstations
• After implementing significant changes in website or network
• Unauthorized traffic on network noted
• Security audit for HIPAA or PCI-DSS
• After installing new software or other upgrades
• Prior to submission of application for breach insurance
• If you store valuable data and have never had one

Testing the network layer (firewalls, web servers, email servers, FTP servers, etc.); the application layer (all major development languages, all major web servers, all major operating systems, all major browsers); wireless systems; internal workstations, printers, fax machines; WAR dialing phone numbers, virtual environments including cloud, internet enabled devices, and more. We have tested law enforcement systems, state and municipal government systems, and private sector systems ranging from online gaming to financial institutions.

All the penetration testers should hold industry-recognized certifications, such as ISCP, GSEC, GWAPT, GPEN, or CEH. In addition, penetration testers should also ensure strong web development backgrounds (often coupled with additional coding backgrounds), as well as a networking experience.

Vulnerability scans leverage preconfigured pattern recognition, so there are many aspects of a system that will not be scanned completely. Some will not be scanned at all. Penetration testing provides coverage for a large number and variety of serious security faults that scanners are incapable of finding and testing.

Most of the top-notch companies demand certified penetration testers while others demand practical penetration testing experience, which you can gain through the ISCP certification course and industrial projects.

Penetration testing methodology is designed to mitigate data loss, downtime, and risks. In case, exploiting a vulnerability carries a risk to the system, a tester should document the vulnerability, and report it to the client, but will not pursue the exploitation unless a customer asks to do so.

If devices will be shipped to your location or testers will be visiting with laptops, ensure that disk-based encryption is being used to protect data obtained during the test. When it’s time to deliver the final report, a tester should also offer a secure method for its delivery. Confidential data, including test reports, should never be sent via email; secure FTPs or secure file-sharing sites that use SSL should be employed.

Vulnerability assessments are performed by using an off-the-shelf software package, such as Nessus or OpenVas to scan an IP address or range of IP addresses for known vulnerabilities. For example, the software has signatures for the Heartbleed bug or missing Apache web server patches and will alert if found. The software then produces a report that lists out found vulnerabilities and (depending on the software and options selected) will give an indication of the severity of the vulnerability and basic remediation steps. Many “professional penetration testers” will actually just run a vulnerability scan, package up the report in a nice, pretty bow and call it a day. Nope – this is only a first step in a penetration test. A good penetration tester takes the output of a network scan or a vulnerability assessment and takes it to 11 – they probe an open port and see what can be exploited. Penetration tests can be performed using automated tools, such as Metasploit, but veteran testers will write their own exploits from scratch.